An article reviewing alternatives to hardware wallets says recent thefts involving tampered Ledgers and Coldcards with weakly generated seeds exceeded $200 million. It presents five options, but says none removes the risks of holding crypto.
Crypto ETFs are not a way to store crypto directly: investors hold shares with a dollar-denominated claim on the fund’s net asset value, not Bitcoin. Passkey wallets can pose recovery problems, while multisig wallets may still use hardware devices and depend on enough signers being available. Centralized exchanges manage keys for customers but carry custody and account-access risks; paper wallets keep keys offline but can be exposed during creation or lost or damaged.
